These studies have served to clarify several factors which can act to produce finished compost which is both valuable to agriculture and relatively safe from the viewpoint of public health.
In recent years, however, rapid progress has been made in scientific studies of the underlying biological and chemical processes involved in composting. Humus is the end product of composting, and different organic wastes contain macro, micro, and trace elements, which reflect valuable properties for growing vegetation and to the soil itself.Ĭomposting is a very old art, and some of its basic principles have been appreciated and used in practice for centuries. Different composting methods like pit method, heap method, ADCO method, vermicomposting, etc. Extensive studies on composting were initiated in India. In agricultural world, utilization of human and animal wastes has great importance. Microorganisms respire two-third of carbon as CO2, and one-third combines with nitrogen in living cell, and huge amount of heat energy is released as end product of aerobic decomposition as compared to anaerobic process. The C/N ratio is the most important factor for decomposition, especially aerobic decomposition. Microbial community leads the processes of both aerobic and anaerobic composting and converts wastes to a stable form of nutrients. Anthropogenic control and utilization of the process for sanitary disposal and reclamation of organic waste material have been termed composting and the final product is named compost. Decomposition followed by stabilization of organic substances by biological actions has been taking place in nature from the very beginning of life appeared on our planet.
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